Technology estimation

In the given section methods for a technology estimation are offered. These methods allow to choose suitable technology taking into account technical, commercial and the business factors prevailing in that country where the technology will be used. As the purpose of transfer of technology is creation of advantages to its purchaser or the licensee, in technology transfer serious risks can be put in pawn. Terms "transport" and technology "transplantation" often meet in the given section to underline those technical properties of the given technology which do its faultless and competitive - especially for developing countries. For example, maybe, and can and not to be expedient to tell to technology with high level of automation, that in itself speaks about the high technical standard, in the country in which the industry is characterised by rather low level of technological armament.

The term "technology" has many shades of value. In the given section it means industrial technologies, i.e. the means used for manufacture of commercially demanded production. Technology name also a package of the various information (the private property general, specialised or being a subject), supplemented with a set of technical, administrative and professional qualities which separately taken collective of employees (command) should possess. Depending on prospective character and naora qualities of production, such package can be simple or difficult. On the other hand, the technology is a combination of the invention, a discovery and principles of accumulation of data and the experience, used for creation, practical application and service of the equipment and cars. Well fulfilled technology allows to receive desirable commercial result economically, conveniently and safely, and does not deliver problems regarding its operation. The technology can be supported with patents, trade marks, copyrights or confidential data and the information (the rights to intellectual property) which increase its commercial value. Technology acquisition helps the buyer to pass painful process of tests and errors and brings to it immediate and considerable benefits.

Generally, industrial technologies belong to one of following five categories or to their combination:

Technologies for manufacture of the goods in piece measurement or classes of the goods almost identical on a design or properties, made in volume units. The technologies focused on manufacture / manufacturing of ores, tools and tools, sheet glass, cement, caustic soda, vegetable oils, pharmaceutical preparations, the equipment (for example, lathes) or components of cars and the equipment are typical for the given category. In itself industrial operation can include mine working out, extraction, manufacturing, assembly operations, physical transformation or chemical transformation (process).

Technologies which raise properties, distinctive features and the qualitative characteristics of a product giving advantages on such important parametres from the commercial point of view, as the cost price, convenience, technical characteristics or safety. Examples of improvement of a product are "free-flowing" salt, double edges for the razor, substitutes on the basis of the cocoa butter, used for production chocolate, and encapsulation farm-preparations.

Technologies which give one or more special effects, for example, hot and cold a steel proskating rink; anodizing, galvanising or a galvanic covering of metals; texturing threads; giving to fabrics of water-repellent and fire-resistant properties, dyeing of fabrics; disinfecting and detoxification grains, tubers or forages; sterilisation and pasteurisation of dairy or other processed foodstuff. The product can be made in manufacture or be bought, or can be sold under the contract to the third party having experience in special process of processing.

Technologies which change production or system of manufacture for the purpose of achievement of concrete advantages or preconditions of their achievement. Examples include: improvement of safety precautions or health protection of people by elimination of polluting substances from finished goods or productions at the expense of removal of phosphates from washing-up liquids and clearing of exhaust gases of cars. Similar technologies can include also automation, a computerisation or robotization processes and mechanical operations for improvement of any concrete characteristic. (These technologies not always have any independent microeconomic value, but they can improve the general appeal of the basic technology).

Technologies of creation of technical services, for example, designing and production/process engineering, working out of the computer software and modelling, and also methods of increase of labour productivity.

As developing countries are inclined to show more interest to technologies from first three categories which can stimulate business or economic development on the analysis and an estimation of these technologies and the statement of the given section is focused.

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