Parity of a science, working out and technology

It is considered to be, that scientific opening are seeds from which technical innovations grow . However, however the standard concept of technology as result of the progress reached in sphere of a science is attractive at first sight , it at the best is not adequate to the valid state of affairs, and in the worst - roughly deforms it.

Activity in the field of technology has deep distinctions with scientific activity: in the field of technology synthesis of available knowledge plays much more important role, than the analysis, whereas in a science on the contrary. That fact testifies To it, that problems and the restrictions facing to the designer (designer), are usually formalized in the form of inequalities, instead of the equations (for example, admissible pressure should not surpass some limit).

Though the idea of new technology also leans against available theoretical scientific knowledge, but the course of the subsequent development of a plan in many respects depends on the SAVED up PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE.

Many rather large technological shifts did not lean directly against corresponding scientific achievements. Created in 1816г. The steam engine has personified many theoretical principles of such sections of physics, as thermodynamics, the kinetic theory of gases and hydrodynamics. However, at that time only few of them were known. Similarly, created in 1906г. The lamp specified with a cylinder filled with nitrogen, has been developed without knowledge of thermoionic issue in gases. Development of modern aircraft, as a rule, advanced aerodynamics development (perhaps, only a wing with direct and negative forwardswept and a triangular wing can be considered as direct consequences of discoveries).

Creation of new metal-cutting machine tools only in rather small degree is obliged by the successes to progress of private sciences.

That the science causes technological progress well-known. But also many discoveries hardly were issued, if have not been provided by the technological toolkit, allowed these opening to make (In biochemistry - diffraction the x-ray equipment and an electronic microscope, in the nuclear physics - a synchrophasotron).

So, contrary to widespread opinion between progress in a science and in technology often enough there is no direct interrelation. But, certainly, there are branches, where a state of affairs opposite, - for example, in chemical and electronic industry. More often technological innovations result from gradual updating of existing technology in the course of its adaptation to practice requirements, i.e. in the course of "training" on experience. In other words, technical progress is caused by development not so much theoretical, how many empirical knowledge.


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